Dirk Helbing
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (formerly ETHZ) ETH Zurich - Professor, Chair of Sociology, in particular of Modeling and Simulation.
- Note to Tolga: You can refer to the simulations in 6-9 and dont have to do them yourself. Cite the original journal publications for each.
Contents |
2013 update from Dirk
Dear Doug,
how are you doing?
To stay in touch with you, I wanted to share a few recent papers. Your comments would be more than welcome.
With best wishes from Zurich,
Dirk
Prof. Dr. Dirk Helbing, ETH Zurich, http://www.soms.ethz.ch, http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ebrNfPAAAAAJ&hl=en twitter: https://twitter.com/FuturICT facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FuturICT vimeo: http://vimeo.com/futurict blog: http://futurict.blogspot.ch/ FuturICT Special Issue: http://epjst.epj.org/index.php?option=com_toc&url=/articles/epjst/abs/2012/14/contents/contents.html
Selected recent publications:
- D. Helbing (2013) Globally networked risks and how to respond. Nature 497, 51-59.
- D. Helbing (2013) Economics 2.0: The Natural step towards a self-regulating, participatory market society, see http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.4078
- T. Grund, C. Waloszek, and D. Helbing (2013) How natural selection can create both self- and other-regarding preferences, and networked minds. Scientific Reports 3:1480.
- M. Moussaïd, D. Helbing, and G. Theraulaz (2011) How simple rules determine pedestrian behavior and crowd disasters. PNAS 108 (17) 6884-6888.
- C. P. Roca and D. Helbing (2011) Emergence of social cohesion in a model society of greedy, mobile individuals. PNAS 108(28), 11370-11374.
- J. Lorenz, H. Rauhut, F. Schweitzer, and D. Helbing (2011) How social influence can undermine the wisdom of crowd effect. PNAS 108(28), 9020-9025.
- D. Helbing and W. Yu (2010) The future of social experimenting. PNAS 107(12), 5265-5266.
- D. Helbing and W. Yu (2009) The outbreak of cooperation among success-driven individuals under noisy conditions. PNAS 106(8), 3680-3685.
- L. M. A. Bettencourt, J. Lobo, D. Helbing, C. Kühnert, and G. B. West (2007) Growth, innovation, scaling and the pace of life in cities. PNAS 104, 7301-7306.
Helbing, Dirk. 2012. Social Self-Organization
Helbing, Dirk. 2012. Social Self-Organization. Springer Berlin. (New Book on Agent-Based Simulations and Experiments to Study Emergent Social Behavior)
- Contents (Simulations)
- Modeling of Socio-Economic Systems 25-70
- Agent-Based Modeling 71-99
- Self-organization in Pedestrian Crowds 101-114
- Opinion Formation 115-130
- Spatial Self-organization Through Success-Driven Mobility 131-138
- (6) Cooperation in Social Dilemmas 139-151 re: Foragers
- (7) Co-evolution of Social Behavior and Spatial Organization 153-167 re: Foragers
- (8) Evolution of Moral Behavior 169-184 re: Foragers
- (9) Coordination and Competitive Innovation Spreading in Social Networks 185-199 re: Foragers
- Heterogeneous Populations: Coexistence, Integration, or Conflict 201-209
- Social Experiments and Computing 211-237
- Learning of Coordinated Behavior 239-259
- Response to Information 261-284
- (14) Systemic Risks in Society and Economics 285-299 re: Turchin cycles? See breakdown and 14.4.2 Reducing Network Vulnerability
- Managing Complexity 301-329
- Challenges in Economics
- Back matter
Helbing, Dirk. 2010. Managing Complexity: Insights, Concepts, Applications
Helbing, Dirk. 2010. Managing Complexity: Insights, Concepts, Applications (Understanding Complex Systems). Springer Berlin.
- Table of Contents
- Editorial.-
- Managing Complexity: An Introduction.-
- Market Segmentation -
- The Network Approach.-
- Managing Autonomy and Control in Economic Systems.-
- Complexity and the Enterprise: The Illusion of Control.-
- Benefits and Drawbacks of Simple Models for Complex Production Systems.-
- Logistics Networks -
- Coping With Nonlinearity and Complexity.-
- Repeated Auction Games and Learning Dynamics in Electronic Logistics Marketplaces.-
- Decentralized Approaches to Adaptive Traffic Control.-
- Critical Infrastructures Vulnerability: The Highway Networks.-
- Trade Credit Networks and Systemic Risk.-
- A Complex System's View of Critical Infrastructures.- Vittorio Rosato, Sandro Meloni, Ingve Simonsen, Limor Issacharoff, Karsten Peters, Nils von Festenberg and Dirk Helbing
- Bootstrapping the Long Tail in Peer to Peer Systems.- Huberman
- Coping With Information Overload Through Trust-Based Networks.-
- Complexity in Human Conflict.-
- Fostering Consensus in Multidimensional Continuous Opinion Dynamics Under Bounded Confidence.-
- Multi-Stakeholder Governance-
- Emergence and Transformational Potential of a New Political Paradigm.-
- Evolutionary Engineering of Complex Functional Networks.-
- Path Length Scaling and Discrete Effects in Complex Networks.-
- Index.
Helbing, Dirk and Richard Calek. 2010
Helbing, Dirk and Richard Calek. 2010. Quantitative Sociodynamics: Stochastic Methods and Models of Social Interaction Processes (Theory and Decision Library B) (Paperback - Nov 2, 2010) $135. Helbing, Dirk. 2010. Quantitative Sociodynamics: Stochastic Methods and Models of Social Interaction Processes
- Introduction and Summary.-
- Dynamic Decision Behavior.-
- Part I: Stochastic Methods and Non-Linear Dynamics: Master Equation in State Space.-
- Boltzmann-Like Equations.-
- Master Equation in Configuration Space.-
- The Fokker-Planck Equation.-
- Langevin Equations and Non-Linear Dynamics.-
- Part II: Quantitative Models of Social Processes: Overview.-
- Problems and Terminology.-
- Decision Theoretical Specification of the Transition Rates.-
- Opinion Formation Models.-
- Social Fields and Social Forces.-
- Evolutionary Game Theory.-
- Determination of the Model Parameters from Empirical Data.-
- List of Symbols used in Part I and II.-
Helbing, Dirk. 1995. Quantitative sociodynamics : stochastic methods and models of social interaction processes. Dordrecht ; Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Publications - International Workshop on Challenges and Visions in the Social Sciences
team members: Sergi Lozano - Sayyed Amin Mazhoumian - Lubos Buzna - Heiko Rauhut
Living Science: Where Science is Happening
Coping with Crises in Complex Socio-Economic Systems June 8-12, 2009, with two Satellite Workshops on "Extreme Events in Agent-Based Socio-Economic Models" and "Modelling Interdependency between Technological and Human Systems under Crisis Scenarios"
1 Quantitative Sociology Portal - Software&manuals, Journals, homepages, research organizations, topics, search platforms 2 http://www.soms.ethz.ch/teaching/index 2 http://www.soms.ethz.ch/teaching/colloquium_pv 3 http://www.soms.ethz.ch/ 3a http://www.soms.ethz.ch/research/publications_new#Networks 4 http://www.soms.ethz.ch/workshop2008/#Workshop%20Poster 5 http://www.sg.ethz.ch/teachingtalks/talks/2007/index 1 http://www.vvz.ethz.ch login: whited 2 http://www.vvz.ethz.ch/Vorlesungsverzeichnis/sucheLerneinheiten.do?lang=de&search=on&semkez=2008W&refresh.x=0&refresh.y=0&studiengangTyp=&deptId=&studiengangAbschnittId=&bereichAbschnittId=&unterbereichAbschnittId=&lerneinheitstitel=&lerneinheitscode=&famname=Helbing&rufname=&lehrsprache=&katalogdaten= 3 http://www.vvz.ethz.ch/Vorlesungsverzeichnis/dozentPre.do?dozide=10023578&ansicht=1&semkez=2008W&lang=de
Dirk Helbing, Jan Stigmeier and Stefan Lämmer. 2007 Self-organized network flows. NETWORKS AND HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA 2(2):191-210.
Abstract. A model for traffic flow in street networks or material flows in supply networks is presented, that takes into account the conservation of cars or materials and other significant features of traffic flows such as jam formation, spillovers, and load-dependent transportation times. Furthermore, conflicts or coordination problems of intersecting or merging flows are considered as well. Making assumptions regarding the permeability of the intersection as a function of the conflicting flows and the queue lengths, we find self-organized oscillations in the flows similar to the operation of traffic lights.
For implementation see: Sayyed Amin Mazhoumian.
Stefan Lämmer and Dirk Helbing 2007 Self-control of traffic lights and vehicle flows in urban road networks Online at: Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiments
Abstract. Based on fluid-dynamic and many-particle (car-following) simulations of traffic flows in (urban) networks, we study the problem of coordinating incompatible traffic flows at intersections. Inspired by the observation of self-organized oscillations of pedestrian flows at bottlenecks, we propose a selforganization approach to traffic light control. The problem can be treated as a multi-agent problem with interactions between vehicles and traffic lights. Specifically, our approach assumes a priority-based control of traffic lights by the vehicle flows themselves, taking into account short-sighted anticipation of vehicle flows and platoons. The considered local interactions lead to emergent coordination patterns such as ‘green waves’ and achieve an efficient, decentralized traffic light control. While the proposed self-control adapts flexibly to local flow conditions and often leads to non-cyclical switching patterns with changing service sequences of different traffic flows, an almost periodic service may evolve under certain conditions and suggests the existence of a spontaneous synchronization of traffic lights despite the varying delays due to variable vehicle queues and travel times. The self-organized traffic light control is based on an optimization and a stabilization rule, each of which performs poorly at high utilizations of the road network, while their proper combination reaches a superior performance. The result is a considerable reduction not only in the average travel times, but also of their variation. Similar control approaches could be applied to the coordination of logistic and production processes.
Keywords: flow control, traffic and crowd dynamics, traffic models, self-driven particles
How individuals learn to take turns: Emergence of alternating cooperation in a congestion game and the prisoner's dilemma Dirk Helbing, Martin Schonhof, Hans-Ulrich Stark, Janusz A. Holyst. Advances in Complex Systems. (c) World Scientific Publishing Company
Abstract: In many social dilemmas, individuals tend to generate a situation with low payoffs instead of a system optimum ("tragedy of the commons"). Is the routing of traffic a similar problem? In order to address this question, we present experimental results on humans playing a route choice game in a computer laboratory, which allow one to study decision behavior in repeated games beyond the Prisoner's Dilemma. We will focus on whether individuals manage to find a cooperative and fair solution compatible with the system-optimal road usage. We find that individuals tend towards a user equilibrium with equal travel times in the beginning. However, after many iterations, they often establish a coherent oscillatory behavior, as taking turns performs better than applying pure or mixed strategies. The resulting behavior is fair and compatible with system-optimal road usage. In spite of the complex dynamics leading to coordinated oscillations, we have identified mathematical relationships quantifying the observed transition process. Our main experimental discoveries for 2- and 4-person games can be explained with a novel reinforcement learning model for an arbitrary number of persons, which is based on past experience and trial-and-error behavior. Gains in the average payoff seem to be an important driving force for the innovation of time-dependent response patterns, i.e. the evolution of more complex strategies. Our findings are relevant for decision support systems and routing in traffic or data networks.
Supply and Production Networks: From the Bullwhip Effect to Business Cycles. Dirk Helbing and Stefan Lämmer. Chapter 1, in ---
Abstract: Network theory is rapidly changing our understanding of complex systems, but the relevance of topological features for the dynamic behavior of metabolic networks, food webs, production systems, information networks, or cascade failures of power grids remains to be explored. Based on a simple model of supply networks, we offer an interpretation of instabilities and oscillations observed in biological, ecological, economic, and engineering systems. We find that most supply networks display damped oscillations, even when their units - and linear chains of these units - behave in a non-oscillatory way. Moreover, networks of damped oscillators tend to produce growing oscillations. This surprising behavior offers, for example, a new interpretation of business cycles and of oscillating or pulsating processes. The network structure of material flows itself turns out to be a source of instability, and cyclical variations are an inherent feature of decentralized adjustments. In particular, we show how to treat production and supply networks as transport problems governed by balance equations and equations for the adaptation of production speeds. The stability and dynamic behavior of supply networks is investigated for different topologies, including sequential supply chains, "supply circles", "supply ladders", and "supply hierarchies". Moreover, analytical conditions for absolute and convective instabilities are derived. The empirically observed bullwhip effect in supply chains is explained as a form of convective instability based on resonance effects. An application of this theory to the optimization of production networks has large optimization potentials.
Self-Organized Network Flows 2007. Dirk Helbing, Jan Siegmeier, Stefan Lämmer.
Abstract: A model for traffic flow in street networks or material flows in supply networks is presented, that takes into account the conservation of cars or materials and other significant features of traffic flows such as jam formation, spillovers, and load-dependent transportation times. Furthermore, conflicts or coordination problems of intersecting or merging flows are considered as well. Making assumptions regarding the permeability of the intersection as a function of the conflicting flows and the queue lengths, we find self-organized oscillations in the flows similar to the operation of traffic lights.
(2007) Efficient response to cascading disaster spreading. Lubon Buzna, K. Peters, H. Ammoser, C. Kühnert and D. Helbing. Physical Review E 75, 056107]
Stark, Hans-Ulrich, Helbing, Dirk, Schönhof, Martin, Holyst, Janusz A.: Alternating cooperation strategies in a Route Choice Game: Theory, experiments and effects of a learning scenario, in: Games, Rationality and Behaviour (Eds. A. Innocenti, P. Sbriglia), New York: Palgrave Macmilllian, (2008), pp. 256-273.
Comment: For related work see http://www.helbing.org
http://www.soms.ethz.ch/people/dhelbing/publications_new
