Anthon Eff

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home page - Middle Tennessee State x2387, x2520 for Economics & Finance Chair

Contents

[edit] Imputing missing data

[edit] Markets and prosocial behavior

See Henrich, Joseph, Robert Boyd, Samuel Bowles, Colin Camerer, Ernst Fehr, Herbert Gintis, et al. (2004). Foundations of Human Sociality: Economic Experiments and Ethnographic Evidence from Fifteen Small-Scale Societies. Oxford University Press.
Henrich et al. (2004: 33-35) found that individual-level data such as age, sex, exposure to markets, and wealth do not explain individual-level variations in offers *(prosocial behaviors in cooperative games)* and rejections; the crucial determinants are group-level measures in market integration <fn 1> and payoffs to cooperation.
fn 1: The term “Market Integration,” as employed by Henrich et al. (2004: 28-29) refers to a composite measure containing three variables: 1) frequency of market exchange market integration); 2) amount of centralized decisionmaking taking place above the household (sociopolitical complexity); and 3) size of local settlements (settlement size). Each of these variables is formulated as the rank of a particular society (among all of the Henrich et al. societies) for that dimension. The composite is simply the mean of the three ranks.
On the other hand, querying players on their ideological or social preferences typically yields variables that explain game results quite well (Henrich et al. 799). What is new is the notion that results could vary so much across different societies, and that market integration of each society could explain a significant portion of that variation.
Market integration, as formulated by Henrich et al., reflects the frequency and importance of contact with strangers. Societies organized in semi-autarkic households, with scant need to interact with strangers might therefore exhibit little prosocial behavior when interacting with the anonymous other of a game (Henrich et al. 2004: 40). Likewise, cooperation with non-kin would be low in societies with semiautarkic households, since the household can furnish most of its own needs. From this perspective, prosocial behavior would be emphasized in societies where persons come in frequent contact with others, requiring that contact in order to gain their livelihood. For example, the society with the most prosocial behavior in the Henrich et al. sample (the Lamalera) engages in whale hunting, which requires that men work together in boat crews, dividing the catch (Henrich et al. 2004: 39).
  • Eff, E. Anthon, and Malcolm M. Dow. 2009. Market integration and pro-social behavior. To appear in Robert C. Marshall, Editor. Cooperation in Economic and Social Life. Society for Economic Anthropology Monographs Vol 26. AltaMira Press: Walnut Creek, CA.

[edit] Galton's problem

Wikipedia:Galton's problem

Comparative_research_tools#Anthon Eff's SAR Procedures Simultaneous AutoRegression
See: http://ccr.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/41/4/428


[edit] World Cultures 15#2

Eff, E. Anthon. 2004. Does Mr. Galton Still Have a Problem? Autocorrelation in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. World Cultures 15(2):153-170. http://www.mtsu.edu/~eaeff/downloads/EffsWC15no2.pdf

There are three programs.

The article uses Eff's SAR Procedures

[edit] Structure and Dynamics 2008 and R programs

Eff, E. Anthon. 2008. "Weight Matrices for Cultural Proximity: Deriving Weights from a Language Phylogeny." Structure and Dynamics: eJournal of Anthropological and Related Sciences 3(2), Article 9. http://repositories.cdlib.org/imbs/socdyn/sdeas/vol3/iss2/art9

Bivand, Roger, with contributions by Luc Anselin, Olaf Berke, Andrew Bernat, Marilia Carvalho, Yongwan Chun, Carsten Dormann, Stéphane Dray, Rein Halbersma, Nicholas Lewin-Koh, Jielai Ma, Giovanni Millo,Werner Mueller, Hisaji Ono, Pedro Peres-Neto, Markus Reder, Michael Tiefelsdorf and and Danlin Yu. 2007. spdep: Spatial dependence: weighting schemes, statistics and models. R package version 0.4-4

http://sal.uiuc.edu/csiss/Rgeo/

Bivand, R. 2006: Implementing spatial data analysis software tools in R Geographical Analysis 38, 23—40.

Loftin, Colin 1972 Galton's problem as spatial autocorrelation: comments on Ember's empirical test Ethnology 11: 425-35.

Loftin, Colin, Robert H. Hill, Raoul Naroll, Enid Margolis 1976 Murdock-White Interdependence Alignment of Ethnographic Atlas Culture Clusters Cross-Cultural Research 11(3): 213-223.

Loftin, Colin, and Sally K. Ward. 1981 Spatial Autocorrelation Models for Galton's Problem Cross-Cultural Research, Vol. 16, No. 1-2, 105-141.

White, Douglas R., and Michael L. Burton, Malcolm M. Dow. 1981. “Sexual Division of Labor in African Agriculture: A Network Autocorrelation Analysis.” American Anthropologist. 83:824-849.

[edit] Proximity measures

The first program creates three proximity matrices: physical distance, language phylogeny, and cultural complexity. Cultural complexity is a Euclidean distance measure based on 10 SCCS variables, and one could easily rewrite the program a bit to make other proximity measures based on SCCS variables--I've tried things like subsistence and ecology. http://www.mtsu.edu/~eaeff/downloads/mkwmat.sas

The 186x186 language similarity matrix can be downloaded from http://intersci.ss.uci.edu/wiki/drw/AnthonEff/wmlang02112006.xls and earlier codes from http://intersci.ss.uci.edu/wiki/drw/AnthonEff/wmlngp.xls and http://intersci.ss.uci.edu/wiki/drw/AnthonEff/wmlngs.xls

[edit] Regression residuals

The second program tests regression residuals for autocorrelation, using the three weight matrices. IML is used to calculate the Moran statistic and its z value. I enter the IML code directly in the program, rather than calling it from a module--I think that makes it a bit easier to understand the program, though it is still pretty complicated. http://www.mtsu.edu/~eaeff/downloads/ac_resid.sas

[edit] Tests of SCCS variables for autocorrelation

The third program tests a set of SCCS variables for autocorrelation, using the three weight matrices. http://www.mtsu.edu/~eaeff/downloads/ac_variab.sas


[edit] The SAS dataset

I also include the SAS data set as it was when I last worked with the SCCS (probably two years ago). http://www.mtsu.edu/~eaeff/downloads/mrg.sas7bdat

I run SAS on a UNIX mainframe. By changing the path in the libname statement, you should be able to run these programs on any machine, but I haven't tried.

-- E. Anthon Eff, Associate Professor Dept. of Economics, Middle Tennessee State University Box X050, Murfreesboro TN 37132 Phone: 615.898.2387 http://www.mtsu.edu/~eaeff/

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