SCSS XTABS/DATA REDUCTION as against Conflict Resolution
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SCSS XTABS/DATA REDUCTION: Marc Ross as against Ericksen's Conflict Resolution (Kin group vengeance)
Karen Paige Ericksen and Heather Horton. 1992. "Blood Feuds": Cross-Cultural Variations in Kin Group Vengeance. Cross-Cultural Research 26(1-4): 57-85
Statehood Index Statehood/NonState Paige 763 767 (No) Conflict (Social or Political) in the Local Community 858 Subsistence Type - Ecological Classification 891 Internal War (Wheeler) 1648 Internal War (Embers)
Test against:
Legitimacy of Kin group vengeance
18 . = Missing data
38 1 Moral Imperative
14 2 Most Appropriate
18 3 Circumstantial
20 4 Last Resort
63 5 Formal Adjudication Only
15 6 Individual Self-Redress
Target of kin group vengeance
18 . = Missing data
36 1 Moral Imperative 35?
23 2 Most Appropriate
24 3 Circumstantial 23? #185 Tehuelche coded 3 contradicts code above of 6
Combo: Target of kin group vengeance
27 . = Missing data
36 1 Moral Imperative 35?
23 2 Most Appropriate
23 3 Circumstantial 23? #185 Tehuelche coded 3 contradicts code above of 6
63 5 Formal Adjudication Only
14 6 Individual Self-Redress
POLITICAL DECISION MAKING AND CONFLICT
Marc Ross, 1983. Political Decision Making and Conflict: Additional
Cross-Cultural Codes and Scales. Ethnology 22: 169-192.
STDS30.DAT
756. (Low) Political Role Differentiation: Full Time Specialists and their
Differentiation from Others in the Society (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
96 . = Missing data
18 1 = Highly differentiated by wealth, special titles or life style
10 2 = Moderately differentiated
11 3 = Somewhat wealthier but share much of life style by age, gender
7 4 = Same life style, may be older and have somewhat more prestige
18 5 = Few exist but leadership roles present, wealthier than others
15 6 = Few exist but leadership roles present, same life style (as #4)
11 7 = None exist, no permanent leadership roles
757. Political and Religious Differentiation
103 . = Missing data
23 1 = Consider overlap between political and religious leaders
30 2 = Some overlap
30 3 = Distinct
758. Local Community Leadership Selection: Basis
96 . = Missing data
21 1 = Kinship; highly constrained
25 2 = Kinship; broad choice within group
31 3 = Non-hereditary, personal characteristics involved
13 4 = Informal, shifts across situations
759. Perceptions of Political Leaders' Power as seen by Society
96 . = Missing data
24 1 = Very powerful
29 2 = Somewhat powerful, often variable across leaders, situations
37 3 = Limited
760. Perceptions of Political Leaders' Benevolence as seen by Society
120 . = Missing data
16 1 = Capricious and arbitrary, power used to further own interests
13 2 = Neither particularly malevolent nor benevolent in
use of power
37 3 = Basically benevolent, working in interest of entire community
761. Checks on Leaders' Power
100 . = Missing data
5 1 = Few, or those which exist not invoked very often
24 2 = Checks exist which seem to make leaders sensitive to populace
38 3 = Leaders carefully secure substantial support before taking
action
19 4 = No leaders act independently lest their community backing lost
762. (No) Removal of Leaders who are incompetent or disliked (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
109 . = Missing data
11 1 = No way other than rebellion or popular uprisings
18 2 = Institutionalized means invoked occasionally, possibly by elites
30 3 = Not removed in formal manner but lose influence and are ignored
18 4 = No formal leadership, loss of power when support diminishes
763. (Low) Leaders' Exercise of Authority (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
99 . = Missing data
24 1 = Frequently act independently and make authoritative decisions
26 2 = Make relatively few decisions on own without consultation
37 3 = Use persuasion to help organized and structure group action
764. (Few) Decision Making Bodies: How most decisions are made (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
98 . = Missing data
23 1 = Individual(s), perhaps with advice of few advisors
16 2 = Individual(s), working with an elite council
14 3 = Individual(s), working with a broad based council
19 4 = Broad based community council
16 5 = Few explicit decisions, some made by community at large
765. (Low) Political Participation: Range of Community Decision Making, or extent
to which community control is exercised over different areas of life
through collective decision making, which may be of a formal or informal
nature. (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
98 . = Missing data
26 1 = Collective decisions impinge on many aspects of people's lives
18 2 = Collective decisions impinge on a moderate number of areas
25 3 = Collective decisions impinge on few aspects of people's lives
19 4 = Minimal collective decisions which impinge on people's lives
766. (Low) Political Participation: Extensivity of Adult Participation in Areas
where collective Decision Making present (VAR LABEL REVERSED) .
102 . = Missing data
13 1 = Widespread: decision making forums open to all adults and
involvement is relatively great
31 2 = High or some: widespread for some groups, but exclusion of
others on the basis of gender, age, or kinship status
24 3 = Moderate: some consultation present but low input from community
16 4 = Low or non-existent: Leaders make most decisions and
involvement of average person highly limited or absent
767. (No) Conflict (Social or Political) in the Local Community (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
96 . = Missing data
4 1 = Endemic: a reality of daily existence (e.g., physical
violence, feuding, bitter factionalism)
20 2 = High: Conflict present but not a pervasive aspect of daily
life
46 3 = Moderate: Disagreements and differences do not result in high
violence or severe disruption
20 4 = Mild or rare
768. (No) Conflict between Communities of the Same Society (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
97 . = Missing data
25 1 = Endemic: High physical violence, feuding, and/or raiding
occur regularly
23 2 = Moderately High, often involving physical violence
21 3 = Moderate: Disputes may occur regularly but tendency to
manage them in a more or less peaceful manner
20 4 = Mild or rare
769. Conflict Management in Local Community: Dominant Mode
98 . = Missing data
31 1 = Conflicting parties encouraged to find a solution on their own
27 2 = Conflicting parties easily draw new parties in but pressures
for resolving disputes using informal mechanisms
30 3 = Authorities often get involved and work to achieve a settlement
770. (No) Resort to Physical Force by Disputants in settling disputes, Exclusive
of Police or institutionalized force, (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
96 . = Missing data
34 1 = Often used
32 2 = Sometimes used
24 3 = Rarely or never used
771. (No) Mediation/Negotiation/Arbitration: Third parties in disputes, unable to
impose a binding decision, but may facilitate settlement (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
98 . = Missing data
57 1 = Often used (to settle disputes)
19 2 = Sometimes used
12 3 = Rarely or never used
772. (No) Litigation: Use of third parties offering binding decisions, with or
without formal court systems (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
97 . = Missing data
27 1 = Frequent involvement in litigation by society members
21 2 = Occasional involvement
41 3 = Rare or non-involvement
773. (No) Internal Warfare (Between communities of same society) (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
101 . = Missing data
31 1 = Frequent, occurring at least yearly
14 2 = Common, at least every five years
10 3 = Occasional, at least every generation
30 4 = Rare or never
774. (No) External Warfare (with other societies) (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
102 . = Missing data
45 1 = Frequent, occurring at least yearly
13 2 = Common, at least every five years
6 3 = Occasional, at least every generation
20 4 = Rare or never
775. (Low) Compliance of Individuals with Community Norms and Decisions (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
100 . = Missing data
43 1 = High
31 2 = Moderate
12 3 = Highly Variable
776. (Few) Formal Sanctions and Enforcement for Community Decisions (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
96 . = Missing data
23 1 = Great sanctioning power available
32 2 = Some
35 3 = Little or none
777. (No) Enforcement Specialists (VAR LABEL REVERSED) (e.g., Police, Tax Collectors)
97 . = Missing data
29 1 = Present
21 2 = Not specialized but done by leaders who do other things as well
39 3 = Absent, or carried out by social pressure of wider community
778. (Low) Loyalty to the Local Community (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
103 . = Missing data
30 1 = Especially high
33 2 = High
14 3 = Moderate
6 4 = Low
779. (Low) Loyalty to the Wider Society (in some cases indistinguishable from the
local community) (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
102 . = Missing data
11 1 = Especially high -- uniformly high across groups
16 2 = High for the most part across groups in the society
33 3 = Moderate -- some noticeable variation across groups in society
24 4 = Low -- not terribly salient or rarely important as a concern
780. (Low) Hostility toward other Societies (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
112 . = Missing data
28 1 = Extensive: bitter feelings toward almost all outsiders
18 2 = High: bitter feelings toward outsiders, but not always
17 3 = Moderate: sometimes bitter feelings, but much differentiation
11 4 = Low: little hostility toward outsiders
781. (Un)Acceptability of Violence toward Members of the local Community (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
100 . = Missing data
1 = Valued
7 2 = Acceptable
18 3 = Tolerated
61 4 = Disapproved
782. (Un)Acceptability of Violence toward Members of the Same Society, but
outside the Local Community (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
109 . = Missing data
12 1 = Valued
28 2 = Acceptable
10 3 = Tolerated
27 4 = Disapproved
783. (Un)Acceptability of Violence toward people in Other Societies (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
122 . = Missing data
39 1 = Valued
16 2 = Acceptable
3 3 = Tolerated
6 4 = Disapproved
784. (No) Taxation Paid to Community (e.g., in agricultural produce, labor,
finished goods) (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
101 . = Missing data
31 1 = Regular and non-negligible taxes to community
20 2 = Only in special situations or Modest level
34 3 = None
785. (No) Local Political Fission of Dissatisfied Persons (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
122 . = Missing data
30 1 = Often move to another community following disputes
20 2 = Sometimes move to another community following disputes
14 3 = Rarely or never move to another community following disputes
786. Adult Mobility
107 . = Missing data
18 1 = Adults generally attached to particular communities
throughout their lives, especially after marriage
22 2 = Individuals occasionally move to new communities as adults
39 3 = Movement between communities is quite common for adults
787. (Low) Contact with Other Societies (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
99 . = Missing data
45 1 = Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc.
28 2 = Occasional but not often
14 3 = Rare or never
788. Cross-Cutting Ties: extent to which individuals living in different
communities of the same society linked together in politically relevant
ways
97 . = Missing data
34 1 = No politically relevant links, formal organizations, or strong
informal obligations which extend beyond the local community
30 2 = Some politically relevant ties, but wider society divided
into some discrete groups not linked through cross-cutting ties
25 3 = Cross-cutting ties link individuals throughout the society,
cutting across territorial groups in one or more ways
789. Type of Cross-Cutting ties: Age Organizations (Grades, Sets) Cutting
across Communities
97 . = Missing data
78 1 = Absent
5 2 = Present but not politically important
6 3 = Present and political important
790. Type of Cross-Cutting ties: Kinship Organizations cutting across
Communities
96 . = Missing data
23 1 = Absent
27 2 = Present but not politically important
40 3 = Present and political important
791. Type of Cross-Cutting Ties: Moieties cutting across Communities
97 . = Missing data
76 1 = Absent
8 2 = Present but not politically important
5 3 = Present and political important
792. Types of Cross-Cutting Ties: Ritual Organizations (Religious, Cult
Groups) cutting across Communities
97 . = Missing data
42 1 = Absent
27 2 = Present but not politically important
20 3 = Present and political important
793. (Low) Female Participation in Public Political Arenas, Relative to Males (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
106 . = Missing data
8 1 = High: in some situations equal to or greater than that of men
27 2 = Significant but not as high as male involvement
19 3 = Not great but clearly some role for women in public aspects
of political life
26 4 = Women generally excluded from public aspects of politics
794. (Low) Female Participation in Private Political Arenas, Relative to Males (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
120 . = Missing data
35 1 = High: in some situations equal to or greater than that of men
15 2 = Significant but not as high as male involvement
12 3 = Not great but clearly some role for women in private aspects of
political life
4 4 = Women do not seem to get involved in political life in
private arenas
795. (Low) Gender differences in Political or Quasi-Political Positions of
Authority (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
102 . = Missing data
8 1 = Women and men eligible for some of the same positions and
women commonly do so
18 2 = Women and men eligible for some of the same positions and
women occasionally do so
7 3 = Women rarely, if ever, hold some of the same positions
regardless of rules of eligibility
51 4 = The same political positions are not open to both women and men
796. (No) Separate Female Organizations and Positions (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
117 . = Missing data
22 1 = Some associations or organizations under exclusive control
of women
15 2 = No associations but some positions of authority for which
only women are eligible
32 3 = No associations or positions exclusively controlled by women
797. (Low) Coder Assessment of Data Quality (VAR LABEL REVERSED)
96 . = Missing data
14 1 = Especially high -- judgments not difficult to make
31 2 = Good -- some missing date, that available seemed good
34 3 = Moderate but acceptable -- a good deal of inference sometimes
required
11 4 = Weak for certain variables with much missing data and only
the most general descriptions for some domains
